Preparation Of toilet soap

TOILET SOAP
1. APARATUS
i. Boiler
ii. Mixer
iii. Cutting machine
iv. Hydrometer
v. Soap mould
vi. Solution tank
vii. Stamping/tableting machine
viii. Measuring container or gauge
ix. Wrapper
x. Carton

2. CHEMICALS
(a) Palm Kernel Oli (P.K.O) –
(b) Caustic soda – This is the base chemical in the production of soap
(c) Soda ash(sodium bi-carbonate) – Increases the quantity of the soap
(d) Sodium sulphate – Increases the quantity of the soap and acts as the foaming agent.
(e) Kaoline – It is a forming agent.
(f) Silicate – It is a shining and binding agent.
(g) Colourant – This determines the colour of the soap.
(h) Perfume – This add fragrance to your soap.


3. REACTION PROCESS
(a) Caustic Soap + Kaoline
One cup of Caustic Soda plus one-sixth cup of Kaoline plus three cups of water are dissolved for at least 48 hour.
1Caustic soda + Kaoline + 3 cups of water.
The hydrometer reading should be 1150.

(b) Soda Bi-carbonate
One cup of Soduim Bi-carbonate plus one-eight cup sodium sulphate plus four cups of water (i.e. 1 sodium Bi-carbonate + 1/8 soduim sulphate plus four cups of water) are dissolved for at least 24 hours.
The hydrometer reading should be at 1150.

4. FORMATION
(a) P.K Oil - - 12
(b) caustic soda + Kaoline - - 6
© Soda ash + Sodium Sulphate - - 3
(d) Silicate - - ½
(e) Colourant - - to taste
(f) Perfume - - to taste

5. FORMULA
P.K Oil + Colourant + (Caustic Soda + Kaoline) + (soda ash + sodium sulphate) + Silicate + Perfume.

5.METHODS
Steps:
1. Put on your heating system.
2. Put your boiler on the heating system
5. Measure oil (2. vol.) into the boiler and allow it to heat up.
6. Add your colourant and allow it to mix properly with the oil.
5. Put off the heating system and put down the boiler.
6. Add the remaining oil (10 vol.) to the mixture in the boiler.
7. Add the dissolved caustic soda + Kaoline and stir gradually.
15. Add the dissolved soda ash + sodium sulphate
16. Add your silicate
17. Add your perfume
18. After the addition of perfume, stir vigorously until pap-like mixture is formed
19. Transfer the mixture into the soap moulds
20. After about three to four hours, stamp your soap.
21. After about ten hours, the soap must have solidified well so take it out and package for sale.